最後更新日期：2023 年 02 月 23 日
英文被動語態文法定義
當該主詞無法做出該行為時，使用被動，例如衣服無法做出洗的動作、蘋果無法做出吃的動作，必須使用被動語態，衣服被洗，蘋果被吃。
被動語態文法句型
Be+p.p. Be→用來決定「時態」與「否定」→be+not ， p.p(過去分詞)→表示該動作
1. 現在式被動: am/is/are +p.p.
主動語態: Kelly eats the apple. (Kelly吃了那顆蘋果)
被動語態: The apple is eaten by Kelly. (那顆蘋果被Kyle吃)
否定被動語態 : The apple isn’t eaten by Kelly.
2.過去式被動: was/were +p.p.
The dog bit me. (狗咬我)
I was bitten by the dog. (我被狗咬)
3.現在進行式被動
be+v-ing
+ be + p.p.
be +being +p.p.
主動: Tom is washing the car.
被動: The car is being washed by Tom. (車子正在被Tom 洗)
4.過去進行式被動
was+were +being +p.p.
The floor was being cleaned by Tom at ten yesterday. (昨天10點時地板正被Tom清理)
5.現在完成式被動
have/has+p.p.
+ be+p.p.
have/has +been +p.p.
His homework has been done. (他的功課已經做好了)
6.過去完成式被動: had been p.p.
The desk had been fixed when I arrived. (我到達時，桌子已經被修理好了)
7.未來式被動語態: will be p.p.
The car will be bought by Tom tomorrow. (明天車子將會被Tom買走)
8.情狀助動詞被動語態
shall→should can→could will→would must
全部加上be+p.p. 助動詞後使用原型動詞，因此be動詞需使用原型
The car should be fixed.(車子應該要被修理)
The cat can be found. (貓咪可以被找到)
The traffic rule must be followed. (交通規則被須被遵守)
9.被動省略by+人
若該動作的行為人為大眾所不知，或不需要被提及之人如we.they.someone.people，則省略by+人
People built Taipei 101 in 2004.
→ Taipei 101 was built in 2004.
10.改成疑問句的被動語態
Does Tom open the door?
→ Is the door opened by Tom? do/does/did 刪除 其餘依照直述句改法，最後將be動詞往前移改大寫
Can I eat the hot dog?
→ Can the hot dog be eaten by me? 有意義之助動詞需留下
11.疑問詞改被動
What should we do?
→ What should be done by us?
Who can mop the floor?
→By whom can the floor be mopped?
12.祈使句的被動語態
肯定句主動： RV+….
肯定句被動: Let +受詞 + be +p.p.
否定句主動：Don’t VR +…
否定句被動: Don’t let +受詞+ be +p.p.
= Let +受詞+ not +be +p.p.
立刻把垃圾拿出去丟：
Take the grabage out at once.→Let the grabage be taken out at once.
別碰那個花瓶：
Don’t touch the vase.→ Don’t let the vase be touched. = Let the vase not be touched.
以下情況之動詞不可使用被動語態
1 不及物動詞或瞬間動詞無被動語態：
appear, die disappear, end (vi. 束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand ,break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place.
2 不能用於被動語態的及物動詞或瞬間動詞：
fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to
3 連連綴動詞無被動語態：
appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn
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